ASTM A 278 - Standard for Pressure Casting Parts

This specification covers gray iron for castings suitable for pressure-containing parts for use at temperatures up to 650°F (350°C).

Classes of Iron:

1. Castings of all classes are suitable for use up to 450°F (230°C). For temperatures above 450°F and up to 650°F, only Class 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 castings are suitable.

2. Castings of all classes are suitable for use up to 230°C. For temperatures above 230°C and up to 350°C, only Class 275, 300, 325, 350, 380, and 415 castings are suitable.

Heat Treatment:

1. Whether or not heat treatment is required for Class 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 castings to be used at temperatures at 450°F or less.

2. Whether or not heat treatment is required for Class 275, 300, 325, 350, 380, and 415 castings to be used at temperatures at 230°C or less.

Tensile Requirements

Class of Iron	Tensile Strength, min, MPa
No. 20	20
No. 25	25
No. 30	30
No. 35	35
No. 40	40
No. 45	45
No. 50	50
No. 55	55
No. 60	60
No. 150	150
No. 175	175
No. 200	200
No. 225	225
No. 250	250
No. 275	275
No. 300	300
No. 325	325
No. 350	350
No. 380	380
No. 415	415

Chemical Composition

1. Class 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 castings intended for service above 450°F (230°C) shall have a maximum carbon equivalent of 3.8 % as calculated from the equation CE = %C + 0.3 (%Si + %P). The maximum phosphorus and sulfur contents shall be 0.25 % and 0.12 %, respectively.

2. Class 275, 300, 325, 350, 380, and 415 castings intended for service above 230°C shall have a maximum carbon equivalent of 3.8 % as calculated from the equation CE = %C + 0.3 (%Si + %P). The maximum phosphorus and sulfur contents shall be 0.25 % and 0.12 %, respectively.

3. The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers approximately 1⁄32 in. thick cut from test coupons. Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss of graphite.

Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

1. All castings shall be made in a workmanlike manner and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by the purchaser. If the pattern is supplied by the purchaser without drawings, the dimensions of the casting shall be as predicted by the pattern.

2. The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual examination. Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual acceptance standards specified in the order.

Source: iron-foundry.com

Specification for ASTM A439 Austenitic Ductile Iron type D2B

This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear, and for other special purposes.

International Specifications Equivalent to ASTM A439 D2B

BS3468:1986	S2B
UK BS3468:1974 ; ISO2892:1973	S- NiCr 20 3
France NFA32- 301	S- NC 20 3
Germany DIN1694	GGG- NiCr203
USA ASTMA436; ASTMA439	A439 Type D2B

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English
Hardness, Brinell	148 - 211	148 - 211
Hardness, Knoop	200	200
Hardness, Vickers	188	188
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	<= 400 MPa	<= 58000 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	<= 210 MPa	<= 30500 psi
Elongation at Break	<= 7.0 %	<= 7.0 %

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English
Carbon, C	<= 3.0 %	<= 3.0 %
Chromium, Cr	2.75 - 4.0 %	2.75 - 4.0 %
Iron, Fe	66.67 - 73.97 %	66.67 - 73.97 %
Manganese, Mn	0.70 - 1.25 %	0.70 - 1.25 %
Nickel, Ni	18 - 22 %	18 - 22 %
Phosphorous, P	<;= 0.080 %	<= 0.080 %
Silicon, Si	1.5 - 3.0 %	1.5 - 3.0 %

To see complete data sheet for this material, click here

ASTM A335 P11 Alloy Pipe Specification

ASTM A335 P11 is the part of ASTM A335, The pipe shall be suitable for bending, flanging, and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding.

The steel material shall conform to chemical composition, tensile property, and hardness requirements.

Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. Also, each pipe shall be examined by a non-destructive examination method in accordance to the required practices.

The different mechanical test requirements for pipes, namely, transverse or longitudinal tension test, flattening test, and hardness or bend test are presented.Both ends of each crate will indicate the order no., heat no., dimensions, weight and bundles or as requested.

ASTM A335 P11 Chemical Compositions(%) 

Carbon                   0.05-0.15

Manganese             0.30-0.60

Phosphorus(max.)  0.025

Sulfur(max.)          0.025

Silicon                   0.50-1.00

Chromium             1.00-1.50

Molybdenum         0.44-0.65

Mechanical Properties  of ASTM A335 P11

Tensile strength, min, (MPa)	415
Yield strength, min, (MPa)	205
Elongation, min, (%), L/T	30/20

Material &Manufacture

Pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing heat treatment noted below.

Heat Treatment

• A / N+T
• N+T / Q+T
• N+T

Mechanical Tests Specified

• Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test and Flattening Test, Hardness Test, or Bend Test
• For material heat treated in a batch-type furnace, tests shall be made on 5% of the pipe from each treated lot. For small lots, at least one pipe shall be tested.
• For material heat treated by the continuous process, tests shall be made on a sufficient number of pipe to constitute 5% of the lot, but in no case less than 2 pipe.

Notes for Hardness Test:

• P11 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].

Notes for Bend Test:

• For pipe whose diameter exceeds NPS 25 and whose diameter to wall thickness ratio is 7.0 or less shall be subjected to the bend test instead of the flattening test.
• Other pipe whose diameter equals or exceeds NPS 10 may be given the bend test in place of the flattening test subject to the approval of the purchaser.
• The bend test specimens shall be bent at room temperature through 180 without cracking on the outside of the bent portion.

Source: Sunny steel

ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140: Composition and Mechanical Properties

Introduction

4140 is a Chromium-Molybdenum through-hardening steel of medium hardenability. It is a general purpose high-tensile steel with medium strength level and good impact properties

Related Specifications 

Grade AS1444 Grade 4140
ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 414
Euronorm EN 10083 grade 42CrMo4 (Material Number 1.7225/17227).


Chemical Composition

    C                  Si               Mn               P                S                Cr                 Mo
0.37-0.44    0.10-0.35    0.65-1.10      ≤ 0.040      ≤ 0.040      0.75-1.20     0.15-0.30


Mechanical Properties

4140 is supplied in the hardened and tempered condition. The level of hardness is selected to give useful strength while still maintaining the ability to machine the material into finished components.

4140 can be re-heat-treated to higher strength or tempered back to lower strength levels than those supplied as standard. Assistance with heat treatment should be sought from reputable heat treatment companies.

Product: Atlas4140.pdf

More information:

ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel is a low-alloy steel that contains chromium, molybdenum, and manganese. It is commonly referred to as "Chromoly" steel, which is a combination of the words "chromium" and "molybdenum". This type of steel is known for its high tensile strength, toughness, and abrasion resistance, making it ideal for use in various industrial applications.

Grade 4140 steel is typically used in applications where high strength and toughness are required, such as in the manufacture of tools, gears, axles, shafts, and other machine parts. It is also commonly used in the automotive and aerospace industries, as well as in the oil and gas industry.

ASTM A434 (A29) is the standard specification for hot-wrought alloy steel bars that are used for general applications. Grade 4140 is included in this specification, which sets the standards for chemical composition, mechanical properties, and heat treatment of the steel.

The chemical composition of Grade 4140 steel typically includes around 0.38-0.43% carbon, 0.75-1.00% manganese, 0.15-0.35% silicon, 0.80-1.10% chromium, 0.15-0.25% molybdenum, and small amounts of other elements such as phosphorus and sulfur. The steel can be heat treated to achieve a wide range of mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness.

Overall, ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel is a popular and versatile low-alloy steel that is widely used in various industrial applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, durability, and abrasion resistance.

Equivalent grades in other standards:

ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel has equivalent grades in other standards, including:

• SAE 4140 steel (SAE J404)
• EN 1.7225 steel (EN 10083-3)
• DIN 42CrMo4 steel (DIN 17200)

SAE 4140 steel is the most commonly used alternative to ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel in North America, and it has similar chemical composition and mechanical properties.

EN 1.7225 steel and DIN 42CrMo4 steel are European equivalents to ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel, and they are widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. These grades have similar chemical composition and mechanical properties to ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel, but there may be some minor differences in specific tolerances and testing methods.

Other equivalent standards to ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel include BS 970-1955 EN19, ISO 683-1 Grade 4140, JIS G4105 Grade SCM440, and GB/T 3077 Grade 42CrMo.

It is important to note that while these standards are generally interchangeable, there may be some minor differences in chemical composition, mechanical properties, and testing requirements. Therefore, it is important to check the specific requirements of each standard before selecting a material for a particular application.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel typically includes the following elements:

• Carbon (C): 0.38% - 0.43%
• Manganese (Mn): 0.75% - 1.00%
• Phosphorus (P): 0.035% (max)
• Sulfur (S): 0.040% (max)
• Silicon (Si): 0.15% - 0.35%
• Chromium (Cr): 0.80% - 1.10%
• Molybdenum (Mo): 0.15% - 0.25%

The exact composition may vary depending on the manufacturing process and the specific grade of the material.

Mechanical properties:

Grade 4140 steel is a low-alloy steel that exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, good ductility, and high toughness. The typical mechanical properties of Grade 4140 steel are:

• Tensile strength: 655 MPa (95,000 psi)
• Yield strength: 415 MPa (60,000 psi)
• Elongation at break: 25%
• Reduction of area: 50%

Physical properties:

Grade 4140 steel has a density of 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lb/in3), a melting point of 1416 °C (2580 °F), and a specific heat capacity of 0.49 J/g·°C.

Thermal properties:

Grade 4140 steel has a thermal conductivity of 42.7 W/m·K (296 BTU/h·ft·°F), a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12.3 µm/m·°C (6.83 µin/in·°F), and a specific heat capacity of 0.49 J/g·°C.

Corrosion resistance:

Grade 4140 steel has good corrosion resistance due to the presence of chromium and molybdenum in its composition. However, it is not as corrosion resistant as stainless steels and may require additional protective coatings in certain applications.

Application

ASTM A434 (A29) Grade 4140 steel is widely used in various industrial applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, durability, and abrasion resistance. Some common applications for this type of steel include:

1. Machine components: Grade 4140 steel is commonly used to manufacture machine components such as gears, axles, and shafts, due to its high tensile strength and toughness.
2. Tooling: The toughness and wear resistance of this steel make it ideal for use in tooling applications such as molds, dies, and cutting tools.
3. Automotive industry: Grade 4140 steel is used in various automotive components such as crankshafts, axle shafts, and steering components, due to its high strength and durability.
4. Aerospace industry: The high strength and toughness of Grade 4140 steel make it suitable for use in various aerospace applications, such as landing gear components, engine parts, and structural components.
5. Oil and gas industry: This steel is commonly used in the oil and gas industry for applications such as drill collars, drill pipes, and valve components, due to its high strength and corrosion resistance.
6. Construction industry: Grade 4140 steel is also used in construction applications such as bridge components, heavy machinery, and mining equipment.

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ASTM A573-00a, GRADE 58, 65, 70: CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS, TENSILE TEST

ASTM A573-00a Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughness

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JIS, ASTM BARS, SHAPES AND STEEL PLATES GRADES

JIS, ASTM BARS, SHAPES AND STEEL PLATES GRADES TABLE:

Standard No.	Definition	Standard No.	Definition
JIS G3101	Rolled steel for general structure	ASTM A36/	Spec. for structural steel
		A 36 M-91
JIS G3106	Rolled steel for welded structure	ASTM A 283/	Spec. for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates of structural quality
		A 283 M-92
		ASTM A 284/	Spec. for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon silicon steel plates for machine parts and general construction
		A 284 M-90
		ASTM A 529/	Spec. for structural steel with 42 ksi (290 MPa) Minimum yield point (1/2in. (12.7mm) Maximum thickness)
		A529 M-89
		ASTM A 570/	Spec. for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip, structural quality
		A 570 M-92
		ASTM A 572/	Spec. for high-strength low-alloy columbium-vanadium steels of structural quality
		A 572 M-92a
		ASTM A 573/	Spec. for structural carbon steel plates of improved toughness
		A 573 M-90
		ASTM A633/	Spec. for normalized high-strength low-alloy structural steel
		A 633 M-90a
		ASTM A678/	Spec. for quenched and tempered carbon steel plates for structural applications
		A 678 M-92
		ASTM A 709-92	Spec. for structural steel for bridges
		BS4360-90	Spec. for weldable structural steels
		BS EN 10025-90	Hot-rolled products of non-alloy structural steels-Technical delivery conditions
		DIN EN 10025-91
		BS4360-86 (obselete)	Weldable structural steels
		DIN 17100-80(obselete)	Steels for general structural purposes
		DIN 17102-83	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized strip, plate, universal plate, sections and merchant
		NF	Structural steels. Grades and types. Sheets, medium and heavy plates, universal plates, bars and sections
		A35-501-87(obsolete)
		ISO 630-80	Structural steels
		ISO 4950/2-81	High yield strength flat steel products
			Part 2: Products supplied in the normalized or controlled rolled condition
		ISO 4950/3-81	High yield strength flat steel product
			Part 3: Products supplied in the heat-treated (quenched + tempered) condition
		ISO 4951-79	High yield strength steel bars and sections
		ISO 4995-91	Hot-rolled steel sheet of structural quality
		ISO 4996-91	Hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural quality
		ISO 6316-82	Hot-rolled steel strip of structural quality
JIS G 3128	High yield strength steel plates for welded structure	ASTM A 514/	Spec. for high-yield strength, quenched and tempered alloy steel plate, suitable for welding
		A 514 M-91
		ASTM A 517/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, high-strength, quenched and tempered
		A 517 M-90
		ASTM A 709-92	Spec. for structural steel for bridges
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized of quenched and tempered condition
JIS G 3114	Hot-rolled atmospheric corrosion resisting steel for welded structure	ASTM A-588/	Spec. for high-strength low-alloy structural steel with 50,000 psi minimum yield point to 4 in. thick
		A 588 M-91a
		ASTM A709-92	Spec. for structural steel for bridges.
		BS EN10155-93	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
		DIN EN10155-93
		BS4360-90 (Obsolete)	Weldable structural steels
		VDEh 087-81	Atmospheric corrosion resistance structural steels
		NF A 35-502-84	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - Sheets, medium and heavy plates, universal plates, bars and sections
		ISO 4952-81	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
		ISO 5952-83	Hot rolled steel sheet of structural quality with improved atmospheric corrosion resistances
JIS G 3125	Superior atmospheric corrosion resisting rolled steels	ASTM A 242/	Spec. for high-strength low-alloy structural steel
		A242 M-91a
		BS4360-90	Weldable structural steels
		NF A 35-502-84	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - Sheets, medium and heavy plates, universal plates, bars and sections
		ISO 4952-81	Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
		ISO 5952-83	Continuously hot-rolled steel sheet of structural quality with improved atmospheric corrosion resistances
JIS G 3103	Carbon steel and molybdenum alloy steel plates for boilers and other pressure vessels	ASTM A 204/	Spec. for molybdenum alloy steel plates for pressure vessels
		A204 M-90
JIS G 3115	Steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate temperature service	ASTM A 285/	Spec. for low and intermediate tensile strength carbon-steel plates of flange and firebox qualities for pressure vessels
		A 285 M-90
JIS G 3116	Steel sheets, plates and strip for gas cylinders	ASTM A 414/	Spec. for carbon steel sheets for pressure vessels
		A 414 M-91
JIS G 3118	Carbon steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate and moderate temperature service	ASTM A 515/	Spec. for carbon steel plates of intermediate tensile strength for pressure vessel for intermediate and higher temperature service
		A 515 M-90
		ASTM A 516/	Spec. for carbon steel plates for pressure vessels for moderate and lower temperature service
		A516 M-90
		ASTM A 612/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, high strength, for moderate and lower temperature service
		A 612 M-90
		ASTM A662/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, carbon-manganese for moderate and lower temperature service
		A 662 M-90
		BS EN 10028-2-93	Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
		DIN EN 10028-2-93
		NF EN 10028-2-92
		BS EN 10028-3-93	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized
		DIN EN 10028-3-93
		NF EN 10028-3-92
		BS 1501/1-80	Steel for fired and unfired pressure vessels, plates
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17155-83	Boiler plate
		(Obsolete)
		NFA 36-205-82	Iron and steel, Steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels. Carbon and carbon manganese steel. Grades and types.
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 9328/2-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Unalloyed and low-alloyed steels with specified room temperature and elevated temperature properties
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel pates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized or quenched and tempered condition
		ISO 4978-83	Flat rolled steel products for welded gas cylinders
JIS G 3124	High strength steel plates for pressure vessel for intermediate and moderate temperature service	BS EN 10028-2-93	Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
		DIN 17102-83	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized strip, plate, universal plate, sections and merchant
		BS 1501/2-88	Steels for pressure purposes: plate; spec. for alloy steels
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized or quenched and tempered condition
JIS G 3119	Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates for boilers and other pressure vessels	ASTM A 302/	Spec. for Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates for pressure vessels
		A 302 M-90
JIS G 3120	Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates quenched and tempered for pressure vessels	ASTM A 533/	Spec. for Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates quenched and tempered for pressure vessels
		A 533 M-90
JIS G 4109	Cr-Mo alloy steel plates for pressure vessels	ASTM A 734/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel and high strength low-alloy steel, quenched and tempered
		A 734 M-87a
		ASTM A 387/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steels, chromium-molybdenum
		A 387 M-90a
		BS EN 10028-2-93	Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
		DIN EN 10028-2-93
		NF EN 10028-2-92
		BS 1501/2-70	Steels for pressure purposes: plate; spec. for alloy steels
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17155-83	Boiler plates
		(Obsolete)
		NF A 36-206-83	Mo, Mn-Mo and Cr-Mo alloy steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 9328/2-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 2: Unalloyed and low-alloyed steels with specified room temperature and elevated temperature properties
		ISO 9328/3-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Nickel-alloyed steels with specified low temperature properties
JIS G 4110	High strength chromium- molybdenum alloy steel plates for pressure vessels under high- temperature service	ASTM A 542-91	Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered, Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V-Ti-B Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, Cr-Mo-V-Ti-B
		ASTM A 832-91
JIS G3126	Carbon steel plates for pressure vessels for low temperature service	ASTM A 516/	Spec. for pressure vessels, carbon steel, for moderate-and lower-temperature service
		A 516 M-90
		ASTM A 537/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, heat-treated, C-Mn-Si steel
		A 537 M-91
		ASTM A 662/	Spec. for carbon-manganese, pressure vessel plates, for moderate and lower temperature service
		A 662 M-90
		ASTM A 841/	Spec. for steel plates for pressure vessels, produced by the thermo-mechanical process
		A841 M-90
		BS EN 10028-3-93	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized
		DIN EN 10028-3-93
		NF EN 10028-3-92
		BS 1501/1-80	Steels for pressure purposes: plates; spec. for carbon and carbon manganese steels
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17102-83	Weldable fine grain steels, normalized strip, plate, universal plate, sections and merchant bars
		NF A 36-208-82	Nickel alloy steel plates for low temperature boilers and pressure vessels
		ISO 9328/4-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof stress supplied in the normalized or quenched and tempered condition
JIS G 3127	Nickel steel plates for pressure vessels for low temperature service	ASTM A 203/	Spec. for nickel alloy steel pressure vessel plates
		A 203 M-90
		ASTM A 353/	Spec. for pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, 9% nickel, double-normalized and tempered
		A 353 M-90
		ASTM A 553/	Spec. for quenched and tempered 8 and 9% nickel and alloy steel pressure vessel plates
		A553 M-90
		ASTM A 844/	Spec. for steel plates, 9% Nickel alloy, for pressure vessels, produced by the direct quenching process
		A844 M-87b
		BS 1501/2-88	Steels for pressure purposes: plates; spec. for alloy steels
		(Obsolete)
		DIN 17280-85	Steel for use at low temperatures
		NF A 36-208-82	Nickel alloy steel plates for low temperature boilers and pressure vessels
		ISO 9328/3-91	Steel plates and strips for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 3: Nickel-alloyed steels with specified low temperature properties
JIS G 3104	Steel bars for rivet	ASTM A 31-89	Spec. for boiler rivet steel and rivets
		ASTM A 502-91	Spec. for steel structural rivets
		DIN 17111-80	Low carbon unalloyed steels for bolts, nuts and rivets
JIS G 3112	Steel bars for concrete reinforcement	ASTM A 615-92b	Spec. for deformed billet-steel bars for concrete reinforcement
		ASTM A 706/	Spec. for low-alloy steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement
		A706 M-92b
		BS4449-88	Hot-rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete
		DIN 488/1-84	Reinforceing steels; grades, properties, marking
		NF A 35-015-84	Iron and steel product. Concrete reinforcing round bars
		NF A 35-016-86	Iron and steel product. Concrete reinforcing bars with improved adherence
JIS G 3191	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot tolled steel bars and bar in coil	DIN 1013/1-76	Steel bars; hot rolled rounds for general purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1013/2-76	Steel bars; hot rolled rounds for special purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1014/1-78	Steel bars; hot rolled squares for general purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1014/2-78	Steel bars; hot rolled squared for special purposes, dimensions and tolerances
		DIN 1015-72	Bar steel; hot-rolled hexagon steel, dimensions, permissible variations weights
		DIN 59130-78	Steel bars; hot-rolled rounds for bolts and rivets, dimensions, permissible variations, weights
		NF A45-001-83	General purpose rolled bars and sections - Rolling tolerances
		NF A 45-003-79	Hot rolled round steel bars - Dimensions
		ISO 1035/1-80	Hot rolled steel bars - Part 1: Dimensions of round bars
		ISO 1035/4-82	Hot-rolled steel bars - Part IV: tolerances of round, square and flat bars
JIS G 3192	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot-rolled steel sections	BS 4/1-80	Structural steel sections; Hot-rolled sections
		BS4848/4-72	Equal and unequal angles
		BS 4848/5-80	Bulb flats
		DIN 1019-77	Bar steel; hot-rolled bulb plate; dimensions weight static properties, permissible deviations
		DIN 1025/1-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled narrow I-beams, I Range, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1025/2-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled wide I-beams (I-section wide flange beams), IPB Range and IB Range, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1025/3-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled I-beams, wide flange I-beams: light pattern, IPB1-series, dimensions, weights, tolerances, static values
		DIN 1025/4-63	Steel sections; hot-rolled I-beams: wide flange I-beams, heavy pattern, IPBv-series, dimensions, weights, tolerances, static values
		DIN 1025/5-65	Steel sections; hot-rolled I-beams: medium-flange I-beams, IPE-series, dimensions, weights, tolerances, static values
		DIN 1026-63	Bars, steel sections; hot-rolled rounded-edge channels, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1028-76	Bar steel; hot-rolled rounded-edge equal angles, dimensions, weights, static properties
		DIN 1029-78	Bar steel; hot-rolled rounded-edge unequal angles, dimensions, weights, static properties
		NF A45-010-79	Hot rolled unequal angle steel sections with radiused corners - Dimensions
		NF A45-011-83	Hot rolled bulb plate - Dimensions and tolerances
		NF A45-209-83	IPN beams - Dimensions
		NF A45-210-83	Standard beams and standard channel sections - Rolling tolerances
		ISO 657/1-89	Dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections - Part I: Equal-leg angles - Metric series - Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/2-89	Dimensions of hot-rolled steel sections - Part II: Unequal-leg angles - Metric series – Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/5-76	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part V: Equal-leg angles and unequal-leg angles - Tolerances for metric and inch series
		ISO 657/11-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part II: Sloping flange channel sections (Metric series) – Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/13-81	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 13: Tolerances on sloping flange beam, column and channel sections
		ISO 657/15-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 15: Sloping flange beam section (Metric series) - Dimensions and sectional properties
		ISO 657/18-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 18: L sections for shipbuilding (Metric series) - Dimensions, sectional properties and tolerances
		ISO 657/19-80	Hot-rolled steel sections - Part 19: Bulb flats (Metric series) - Dimensions, sectional properties and tolerances
JIS G 3193	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot rolled steel plates, sheets and strip	BS EN 10029-91	Spec. for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above
		DIN EN 10029-91	Spec. for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above
		DIN 1543-81	Flat products of steel; hot rolled plates with thickness of 3 to 150 mm; tolerances on dimensions, mass and shape
		(Obsolete)
		ISO 7452-84	Hot-rolled structural steel plates - Tolerances on dimensions and shape
		NF EN 10029-91	Spec. for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above
		NF A 46-503-83	Iron and steel - medium and heavy plates - Tolerances on dimensions and excess weight
		(Obsolete)
JIS G 3194	Dimensions, weight and permissible variations of hot rolled steel flats	DIN 1017/1-67	Bar steel; hot-rolled flat steel for general use, dimensions, permissible variations, weights
		DIN 1017/2-64	Bar steel; hot-rolled flat steel for special purposes (in bar drawing mills, bolt and screw factories, etc.) dimensions, permissible deviations, weights
		NF A 45-005-80	Hot rolled flat steel bars for general use - Dimensions
		ISO 1035/3-80	Hot-rolled steel bars - Part 3: Dimensions of flat bars
JIS G 3199	Specification for through-thickness characteristics of steel plate and wide flat	ASTM A770-86	Spec. for through-thickness tension testing of steel plates for special applications
		BS 6780-86	Spec. for through thickness reduction of area of steel plates and wide flats
		VDEh SEL 096-88	Steel flat products, sections, bars
		DIN 50180-89	Steel tensile test pieces taken perpendicular to the product surface to be used to determine the reduction of area
		NF A 36-202-81	Plates and wide flats with guaranteed properties in the direction perpendicular to the surface
		ISO 7778-83	Steel plate with specified through-thickness characteristics
JIS G 3350	Light gauge steels for general structure	SSC 400	Cold rolled steel sections
		DIN 17118-76	Cold rolled steel sections: technical condition of delivery
		DIN 59413-76	Cold rolled steel sections
		NF A 37-101-77	Steel cold formed sections, for common purposes
JIS G 3353	Welded light gauge H steels for general structures	ASTM A 769/	Spec. for electric resistance welded steel shapes
		A 769 M-90
JIS A 5528	Hot rolled steel sheet piles	ASTM A 328/	Spec. for steel sheet piling
		A 328 M-90
		NF A 35-520-87	Pile driving sections
		NF A 45-020-90	Larssen type pile driven sections
JIS E 1101	Rails	ASTM A 1-84	Spec. for carbon steel tee rails
		BS 11-85	Spec. for railway rails
		ISO 5003-80	Flat bottom railway rails and special rail sections for switches and crossings of not-treated steel - Technical delivery requirements