What is AISI 316
| UNS number: | S31600 |
| Common names: | 18/8 steel |
AISI 316 is an austenitic stainless steel from the 18/8 family. The alloy is almost similar to AISI 304 in composition but with 2% molybdenum. The addition of molybdenum gives the grad improved corrosion resistance. The alloys is normally supplied solution annealed/treated, but can also be supplied cold worked with higher strength properties. The “L” grade has a reduced carbon level to improve corrosion resistance after welding and is more commonly available (UNS S31603). Typical yield strength is 205MPa and tensile strength is 515 MPa. ISO 15156-3 limits the hardness to 22 HRC max.
| Category | Steel |
| Class | Stainless steel |
| Type | Austenitic standard |
| Common Names | Chromium-Nickel steel |
| Designations | France: AFNOR Z 6 CND 17.11 Germany: DIN 1.4401 Italy: UNI X 5 CrNIMo 17 12 Japan: JIS SUH 309 , JIS SUS 316 , JIS SUS Y 316 Sweden: SS 2347 United Kingdom: B.S. 316 S 16 , B.S. 316 S 18 , B.S. 316 S 25 , B.S. 316 S 26 , B.S. 316 S 30 , B.S. 316 S 40 , B.S. 316 S 41 , B.S. En. 58 H United States: AMS 5524 , AMS 5573 , AMS 5648 , AMS 5690 , AMS 5691 , ASME SA182 , ASME SA193 , ASME SA194 , ASME SA213 , ASME SA240 , ASME SA249 , ASME SA312 , ASME SA320 , ASME SA358 , ASME SA376 , ASME SA403 , ASME SA409 , ASME SA430 , ASME SA479 , ASME SA688 , ASTM A167 , ASTM A182 , ASTM A193 , ASTM A194 , ASTM A213 , ASTM A240 , ASTM A249 , ASTM A269 , ASTM A276 , ASTM A312 , ASTM A313 , ASTM A314 , ASTM A320 , ASTM A358 , ASTM A368 , ASTM A376 , ASTM A403 , ASTM A409 , ASTM A430 , ASTM A473 , ASTM A478 , ASTM A479 , ASTM A580 , FED QQ-S-763 , FED QQ-S-766 , FED QQ-W-423 , MIL SPEC MIL-S-5059 , MIL SPEC MIL-S-862 , SAE 30316 , SAE J405 (30316) , UNS S31600 |
| Composition | |
|
| Mechanical Properties | |
| Properties | Conditions | ||
| T (°C) | Treatment | ||
| Density (×1000 kg/m3) | 8 | 25 | |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 25 | |
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 193 | 25 | |
| Tensile Strength (Mpa) | 515 | 25 | hot finished and annealed (wire) |
| Yield Strength (Mpa) | 205 | ||
| Elongation (%) | 40 | ||
| Reduction in Area (%) | 50 | ||
| Hardness (HRB) | 95 (max) | 25 | annealed (plate, sheet, strip) |
| Thermal Properties | |
| Properties | Conditions | ||
| T (°C) | Treatment | ||
| Thermal Expansion (10-6/ºC) | 15.9 | 0-100 | |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) | 16.2 | 100 | |
| Specific Heat (J/kg-K) | 500 | 0-100 | |
| Electric Properties | |
| Properties | Conditions | ||
| T (°C) | Treatment | ||
| Electric Resistivity (10-9W-m) | 740 | 25 | |
| More information: AISI 316 | ||||
| Chemical composition: C=0.08%max, Mn=2%max, Cr=17%, Ni=12%, Mo=2.5% | ||||
| Property | Value in metric unit | Value in US unit | ||
| Density | 8.0 *10³ | kg/m³ | 499 | lb/ft³ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modulus of elasticity | 193 | GPa | 28000 | ksi |
| Thermal expansion (20 ºC) | 15.9*10-6 | ºCˉ¹ | 8.8*10-6 | in/(in* ºF) |
| Specific heat capacity | 502 | J/(kg*K) | 0.12 | BTU/(lb*ºF) |
| Thermal conductivity | 16.2 | W/(m*K) | 112 | BTU*in/(hr*ft²*ºF) |
| Electric resistivity | 7.4*10-7 | Ohm*m | 7.4*10-5 | Ohm*cm |
| Tensile strength (annealed) | 586 | MPa | 85000 | psi |
| Yield strength (annealed) | 241 | MPa | 35000 | psi |
| Elongation (annealed) | 55 | % | 55 | % |
| Hardness (annealed) | 80 | RB | 80 | RB |
| Tensile strength (cold drawn) | 620 | MPa | 89900 | psi |
| Yield strength (cold drawn) | 415 | MPa | 60200 | psi |
| Elongation (cold drawn) | 45 | % | 45 | % |
| Hardness (cold drawn) | 91 | RB | 91 | RB |
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Read more: AISI 316
Delivery conditions
Solution annealed/treated. Can also be supplied cold worked with higher strength properties as for bolts (A4-80, A4-100)
Applications
Typical applications are:
- Sand screen wire
- Instrumentation lines for downhole cabling at temperatures below 100ºC
- Gas lift equipment
- Bolts
Chemical composition
Table 1: Chemical composition
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Al | Ti | |
| Min | - | - | - | - | - | 10.0 | 16.0 | 2.0 | - | - |
| Max | 0.08 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 14 | 18.0 | 3.0 | - | - |
| Nb(Cb) | Cu | Co | B | Fe | W | V | N | O | PREN | |
| Min | - | - | - | - | Bal | - | - | - | - | 22.6 |
| Max | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | 29.4 |
Pitting index PREN = %Cr + 3.3%Mo + 16%N
The L grade limits the carbon content to 0.03% max.
Mechanical and physical properties
An introduction to mechanical and physical properties follows. These properties are dependent on the alloy, heat treatment and cold working. Detailed data is available in material datasheets from suppliers and material property handbooks.
Table 2: Mechanical properties, solution annealed
| Mechanical properties | -75ºC | 20ºC | 200ºC |
| Tensile strength, yield (min.) | - | 205 MPa (30ksi) | - |
| Tensile strength, yield (typical) | - | - | - |
| Tensile strength, ultimate (min.) | - | 515 MPa (75ksi) | - |
| Tensile strength, ultimate (typical) | - | - | - |
| Tensile modulus (typical) | - | 200 GPa | - |
| Torsion modulus (typical) | - | 82 GPa | - |
| Elongation (min.) | - | 30% | - |
| Red. of area (min.) | - | 50% | - |
| Charpy V-notch impact (typical) | 135 Joules | - | - |
| Fracture toughness KIC (typical) | - | - | - |
| Hardness (ISO 15156-3 limit) | - | 22 HRC | - |
| Hardness (typical) | - | - | |
| Fatigue strength (% of T.S.U) | - | - | - |
Table 3: Physical properties
| Physical properties | -40ºC | 20ºC | 200ºC |
| Density | - | 8.00 kg/dm3 | - |
| Thermal expansion coefficient | - | 16.5 x10-6/ºC | - |
| Thermal conductivity | - | 14.6 Wm-1K-1 | - |
| Specific heat | - | 450 JKg-1K-1 | - |
| Electrical resistivity | - | 0.740 μΩm | - |
| Poisson’s ratio | - | - | - |
| Magnetic permeability | - | 1.008 | - |
Machining and welding properties
Both machining and welding properties are good.
Failure mechanism resistance
Table 4: Failure mechanism resistance
| Poor | Good | Excellent |
| Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking | Pitting and crevice corrosion | - |
| Adhesive wear | Sulphide stress cracking | - |
General descriptions of failure mechanisms are given in the failure mechanism database.
Surface treatments
NA
Processing problems
NA
Design codes
Relevant design codes are:
- ISO 15156-3
Costs
Inexpensive.
Source: efunda.com, exprobase.com,
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