ASTM A312-09 Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 312/A 312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*
1.1 This specification2 covers seamless, straight-seam welded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service.
NOTE 1—When the impact test criterion for a low-temperature service would be 15 ft·lbf [20 J] energy absorption or 15 mils [0.38 mm] lateral expansion, some of the austenitic stainless steel grades covered by this specification are accepted by certain pressure vessel or piping codes without the necessity of making the actual test. For example, Grades TP304, TP304L, and TP347 are accepted by the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Division 1, and by the Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping Code, ANSI B31.3, for service at temperatures as low as −425 °F [−250 °C] without qualification by impact tests. Other AISI stainless steel grades are usually accepted for service temperatures as low as −325 °F [−200 °C] without impact testing. Impact testing may, under certain circumstances, be required. For example, materials with chromium or nickel content outside the AISI ranges, and for material with carbon content exceeding 0.10 %, are required to be impact tested under the rules of ASME Section VIII Division 1 when service temperatures are lower than −50 °F [−45 °C].
1.2 Grades TP304H, TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, and TP348H are modifications of Grades TP304, TP309Cb, TP309S, TP310Cb, TP310S, TP316, TP321, TP347, and TP348, and are intended for service at temperatures where creep and stress rupture properties are important.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for pipe where a greater degree of testing is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and, when desired, it is permitted to specify in the order one or more of these supplementary requirements.
1.4 Table X1.1 lists the standardized dimensions of welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. These dimensions are also applicable to heavily cold worked pipe. Pipe having other dimensions is permitted to be ordered
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 312/A 312M – 08a.
2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-312 in Section II of that Code.
and furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.
1.5 Grades TP321 and TP321H have lower strength requirements for pipe manufactured by the seamless process in nominal wall thicknesses greater than 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm].
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
NOTE 2—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:3
A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
A 1016/A 1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
2.2 ANSI Standards:4
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
2.3 ASME Standard:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code : Section VIII5
2.4 AWS Standard:
A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes6
2.5 Other Standard:
SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)7
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:

1. The definitions in Specification A 999/A 999M and Terminology A 941 are applicable to this specification.
2. Ordering Information
3. Orders for material to this specification shall conform to the requirements of the current edition of Specification A 999/ A 999M.
4. General Requirements

5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein.
5.2 Heat Treatment:
5.2.1 All pipe shall be furnished in the heat—treated condition in accordance with the requirements of Table 2. The
4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990
6 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126,
7 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001,
heat—treatment procedure, except for “H” grades, S30815, S31035, S31272, S31254, S32654, N08367, N08904, N08925, and N08926 shall consist of heating the pipe to a minimum temperature of 1900 °F [1040 °C] and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Manufacture:
6.1.1 The pipe shall be manufactured by one of the following processes:
6.1.2 Seamless (SML) pipe shall be made by a process that does not involve welding at any stage of production.
6.1.3 Welded (WLD) pipe shall be made using an automatic welding process with no addition of filler metal during the welding process.
6.1.4 Heavily cold-worked (HCW) pipe shall be made by applying cold working of not less than 35 % reduction in thickness of both wall and weld to a welded pipe prior to the final anneal. No filler shall be used in making the weld. Prior to cold working, the weld shall be 100 % radiographically inspected in accordance with the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, latest revision, Paragraph UW-51.
6.1.5 Welded pipe and HCW pipe of NPS 14 and smaller shall have a single longitudinal weld. Welded pipe and HCW pipe of a size larger than NPS 14 shall have a single longitudinal weld or shall be produced by forming and welding two longitudinal sections of flat stock when approved by the purchaser. All weld tests, examinations, inspections, or treatments shall be performed on each weld seam.
6.1.6 At the option of the manufacturer, pipe shall be either hot finished or cold finished.
6.1.7 The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminating exogenous iron particles. Pickling, blasting, or surface finishing is not mandatory when pipe is bright annealed. The purchaser is permitted to require that a passivating treatment be applied to the finished pipe.

This guide covers standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel tube intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service. Several grades of steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, columbium, tantalum, nitrogen, vanadium, copper, cerium, boron, aluminum, and others. All pipes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition in accordance with the required heat treating temperature and cooling/testing requirements. Tensile properties of the material shall conform to the prescribed tensile strength and yield strength. The steel pipe shall undergo mechanical tests such as transverse or longitudinal tension test and flattening test. Grain size determination and weld decay tests shall be performed. Each pipe shall also be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers seamless, straight-seam welded, and heavily cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service.

Note 1—When the impact test criterion for a low-temperature service would be 15 ft·lbf [20 J] energy absorption or 15 mils [0.38 mm] lateral expansion, some of the austenitic stainless steel grades covered by this specification are accepted by certain pressure vessel or piping codes without the necessity of making the actual test. For example, Grades TP304, TP304L, and TP347 are accepted by the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Division 1, and by the Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping Code, ANSI B31.3, for service at temperatures as low as −425 °F [−250 °C] without qualification by impact tests. Other AISI stainless steel grades are usually accepted for service temperatures as low as −325 °F [−200 °C] without impact testing. Impact testing may, under certain circumstances, be required. For example, materials with chromium or nickel content outside the AISI ranges, and for material with carbon content exceeding 0.10 %, are required to be impact tested under the rules of ASME Section VIII Division 1 when service temperatures are lower than −50 °F [−45 °C].

1.2 Grades TP304H, TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, and TP348H are modifications of Grades TP304, TP309Cb, TP309S, TP310Cb, TP310S, TP316, TP321, TP347, and TP348, and are intended for service at temperatures where creep and stress rupture properties are important.

1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for pipe where a greater degree of testing is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and, when desired, it is permitted to specify in the order one or more of these supplementary requirements.

1.4 Table X1.1 lists the standardized dimensions of welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. These dimensions are also applicable to heavily cold worked pipe. Pipe having other dimensions is permitted to be ordered and furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.

1.5 Grades TP321 and TP321H have lower strength requirements for pipe manufactured by the seamless process in nominal wall thicknesses greater than 3/8 in. [9.5 mm].

1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.

Note 2—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”

2. Referenced Documents

A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code : Section VIII
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)

Index Terms

austenitic stainless steel; stainlss steel seamless pipe; stainless steel pipe; steel pipe; welded steel pipe; Austenitic stainless steel pipe--specifications; Seamless austenitic steel pipe--specifications; Stainless steel pipe--specifications; Welded steel pipe--specifications; ICS Number Code 23.040.10; 23.040.10

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS): 1/8, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 11/4, 11/2, 2, 21/2 inch
Outside Diameter: 10,3 - 73 mm (0,405 - 2,875 inch)
Wall Thickness: 1,73 - 7,01 (0,068 - 0,276 inch)

Notes:
Steel Grades - TP 304, TP 304L, TP 316, TP 321

1. Size of pipes in accordance with ANSI/ASME B36. 19M.
   
2. All technical requirements in accordance with ASTM A530.
   
3. Length tolerance of measured pipes is not greater than +10 mm.
   
4. The quality of pipes is ensured by manufacturing process and non-destructive test.
   
5. Intergranular corrosion test in accordance with ASTM A262, Practice E is available.

Sizes
NPS, inch	OD, mm	Wall Thickness, mm	Max. Length, м
1/8	10,3	1,73; 2,11	12
1/4	13,7	2,24; 3,02
3/8	17,1	2,31; 3,20
1/2	21,3	2,11; 3,73
3/4	26,7	2,87; 3,91
1	33,4	3,38; 4,55; 6,35	10
1 1/4	42,4	3,56; 4,85; 6,35
1 1/2	48,3	3,68; 5,03; 7,14
2	60,3	3,58; 3,91; 4,37; 4,78; 6,35; 6,94; 7,14
2 1/2	73,0	3,58; 3,95; 4,37; 4,78; 5,16; 5,49; 6,35; 7,01

Mechanical properties
Steel Grade	Tensile Strength, N/mm2 (min)	Yield Strength, N/mm2 (min)	Elongation, % (min)
TP304	515	205	35
TP304L	485	170	35
TP316	515	205	35
TP316L	485	170	35
TP321	OD < 17,1 mm - 515; OD > 17,1 mm - 485	OD < 17,1 mm - 205; OD > 17,1 mm - 170	35

Chemical Composition (%, max)
Steel Grade	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	S	P
TP304	0,08	0,75	2	18 - 20	8 - 11	-	0,03	0,04
TP304L	0,035	0,75	2	18 - 20	8 - 13	-	0,03	0,04
TP316	0,08	0,75	2	16 - 18	11 - 14	2 - 3	0,03	0,04
TP316L	0,035	0,75	2	16 - 18	10 - 15	2 - 3	0,03	0,04
TP321	0,08	0,75	2	17 - 20	9 - 13	-	0,03	0,04